|
The Malay Peninsula ((マレー語:Semenanjung Tanah Melayu), (タイ語:คาบสมุทรมลายู) ) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland. The area contains the southernmost tip of Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and Southern Thailand. The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system, and form the backbone of the Peninsula. They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus (the Peninsula's narrowest point) into the Malay Peninsula.〔The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia, Avijit Gupta〕 The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor. ==Etymology== The Malay term ''Tanah Melayu'' is derived from the word ''Tanah'' (land) and ''Melayu'' (Malays), thus it means "the Malay land". The term can be found in various pre-modern Malay texts, of which the oldest dating back to the early 17th century. It is frequently mentioned in the ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'', a well known classical work that began as oral tales associated with the legendary heroes of Melaka Sultanate. ''Tanah Melayu'' in the text is consistently employed to refer to the area under Melakan dominance. In the early 16th century, Tomé Pires, a Portuguese apothecary who stayed in Melaka from 1512 to 1515, writes an almost identical term, ''Terra de Tana Malaio'' which he referred to the southeastern part of Sumatra, where the deposed Sultan of Melaka, Mahmud Shah established his exiled government. The 17th century's account of Portuguese historian, Emanuel Godinho de Erédia, noted on the region of "Malaios" surrounded by the Andaman Sea in the north, the entire Malacca Strait in the centre, a part of Sunda Strait in the south, and the western part of South China Sea in the east. Prior to the foundation of Melaka, reference to Malay peninsula was made in different terms from various foreign sources. According to several Indian scholars, the word ''Malayadvipa'' ("mountain-insular continent"), mentioned in the ancient Indian text, ''Vayu Purana'', may possibly refer to the Malay peninsula. Another Indian source, an inscription on the south wall of the Brihadeeswarar Temple, recorded the word ''Malaiur'', referring to a kingdom in Malay peninsula that had "a strong mountain for its rampart". The Greek source, ''Geographia'', written by Ptolemy, labelled a geographical part of ''Golden Chersonese'' as ''Maleu-kolon'', a term thought to derive from Sanskrit ''malayakolam'' or ''malaikurram''. While the Chinese chronicle of Yuan Dynasty mentioned the word ''Ma-li-yu-er'', referring to a nation of Malay peninsula that threatened by the southward expansion of Sukhothai Kingdom under King Ram Khamhaeng.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan )〕 During the same era, Marco Polo made a reference to ''Malauir'' in his travelogue, as a kingdom located in the Malay peninsula, possibly similar to the one mentioned in Yuan chronicle. In the early 20th century, the term ''Tanah Melayu'' was generally used by the Malays of the peninsula during the rise of Malay nationalism to describe uniting all Malay states on the peninsula under one Malay nation, although this ambition was largely realised with the formation of ''Persekutuan Tanah Melayu'' (Malay for "Federation of Malaya") in 1948. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malay Peninsula」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|